Learn Life Science Online - Animal Cell, Cytology, Human Disease online

Thursday, July 5, 2007

Life Science Syllabus Paper- 1 Section -B

Life Science Syllabus Paper- 1 Section -B


1. Cell Biology : Structure and function of cells and intracellular organelles (of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes) : mechanism of cell division including (mitosis and meiosis) and cell differentiation: Cell-cell interaction; Malignant growth; Immune response: Dosage compensation and mechanism of sex determination.

2. Biochemistry: Structure of atoms, molecules and chemical bonds; Principles of physical chemistry: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, dissociation and association constants; Nucleic acid structure, genetic code, replication, transcription and translation: Structure, function and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; Enzymes and coenzyme; Respiration and photosynthesis.

3. Physiology: Response to stress: Active transport across membranes; Plant and animal hormones: Nutrition (including vitamins); Reproduction in plants, microbes and animals.

4. Genetics: Principles of Mendelian inheritance, chromosome structure and function; Gene Structure and regulation of gene expression: Linkage and genetic mapping; Extrachromosomal inheritance (episomes, mitochondria and chloraplasts); Mutation: DNA damage and repair, chromosome aberration: Transposons; Sex-linked inheritance and genetic disorders; Somatic cell genetics; Genome organisation (in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes).

5. Evolutionary Biology: Origin of life (including aspects of prebiotic environment and molecular evolution); Concepts of evolution; Theories of organic evolution; Mechanisms of speciation; Hardyweinberg genetic equilibrium, genetic polymorphism and selection; Origin and evolution of economically important microbes, plants and animals.

6. Environmental Biology: Concept and dynamics or ecosystem, components, food chain and energy flow, productivity and biogeochemical cycles; Types of ecosystems, Population ecology and biological control; Community structure and organisation; Environmental pollution; Sustainable development; Economic importance of microbes, plants and animals.

7. Biodiversity and Taxonomy: Species concept; Biological nomenclature theories of biological classification, Structural biochemical and molecular systematics; DNA finger printing, numerical taxonomy, Biodiversity, characterization, generation maintenance and loss; Magnitude and distribution of biodiversity, economic value, wildlife biology, conservation strategies, cryopreservation.

Life Science Syllabus Paper 2 - 1 To 10

Life Science Syllabus Paper 2 - 1 To 10


1. Principles of Taxonomy as applied to the systamics and Classification of Plant Kingdom: Taxonomic structure; Biosystematics; Plant geography; Floristics.

2. Patterns of variation in morphology and life history in plants; Broad outlines of classification AND evolutionary trends among algae, fungi,bryophytes and pteridophytes; Principles of palaeobotany; Economic importance of algae, fungi and lichens.

3. Comparative anatomy and developmental morphology of gymnosperms and angiosperms; Histochemical and ultrastructural aspects of development; Differentiation and morphogenesis.

4. Androgensis and gynogenesis; Breeding system; Pollination biology; structural and functional aspects of pollen and pistil; Male sterility; Self and inter-specific incompatibility; Fertilization; Embryo and seed development.

5. Plants and civilization; Centres of origin and gene diversity; Botany, utilization, cultivation and improvement of plants of food, drug, fibre and industrial values, Unexploited plants of potential economic value; Plants as a source of renewable energy; Genetic resources and their conservation.

6. Water Relation; Mineral nutrition; Photosynthesis and photorespiration; Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Sulphur metabolism; Stomatal physiology; Source and sink relationship.

7. Physiology and biochemistry and seed dormancy and germination; Hormonal regulation of growth and development; Photoregulation: Growth responses, Physiology of flowering: Senescence.

8. Principles of plant breeding; Important conventional methods of breeding self and cross-pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops; Non conventional methods; Polyploidy: Genetic variability; Plant diseases and defensive mechanisms.

9. Principles of taxonomy as applied to the systematics and classification of the animal kingdom; Classification and interrelationship amongst the major invertebrate phyla; Minor invertebrate phyla, Functional anatomy of the nonchordates; Larval forms and their evolutionary significance.

10. Classification and comparative anatomy of protochordates and chordates; Origin, evolution and distribution of chordates groups: Adaptive radiation.

Life Science Syllabus Paper 2 - 11 To 20

Life Science Syllabus Paper 2 - 11 To 20


11. Histology of mammalian organ systems, nutrition, digestion and absorption; Circulation (open and closed circular, lymphatic systems, blood composition and function); Muscular contraction and electric organs; Excretion and osmoregulation: Nerve conduction and neurotransmitters; major sense organs and receptors; Homeostatis (neural and hormonal); Bioluminiscence; Reproduction.

12. Gametogenesis in animals: Molecular events during fertilization, Cleavage patterns and fate maps, Concepts of determination, competence and induction, totipotency and nuclear transfer experiments: Cell differentiation and differential gene activity: Morphogenetic determinants in egg cytoplasm; Role of maternal contributions in early embryonic development; Genetic regulations of early embryonic development in Drosophila; Homeotic genes.

13. Feeding, learning, social and sexual behavior of animals; Parental care; Circadian rhythms; Mimicry; Migration of fishes and birds; Sociobiology; Physiological adaptation at high altitude.

14. Important human and veterinary parasites (protozoans and helminths); Life cycle and biology of Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Ascaris, Wuchereria, Fasciola, Schistosoma and Leishmania; Molecular, cellular and physiological basis of host - parasite interactions.

15. Arthropods and vectors of human diseases (mosquitoes, lice, flies and ticks); Mode of transmission of pathogens by vectors,; Chemical, biological and environmental control of anthropoid vectors; Biology and control of chief insect pests of agricultural mportance; Plant host-insect interaction, insect pest management; useful insects: Silkworm

16. The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox; Numerical, and structural changes in chromosomes; Molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutations and their role in evolution; Environmental mutagenesis and toxicity testing; Population genetics.

17. Structure of pro-and eukaryotic cells; membrane structure and function; Intracellular compartments, proteinsorting, secretory and endocytic pathways; Cytoskeleton; Nucleus; Mitochondria and chloroplasts and their genetic organisation; cell cycle; Structure and organisation of chromatin, polytene and lamphrush chromosomes; Dosage compensation and sex determination and sex-linked inheritance.

18. Interactions between environment and biota; Concept of habitat and ecological niches; Limiting factor; Energy flow, food chain, food web and tropic levels; Ecological pyramids and recycling, biotic community-concept, structure, dominance, fluctuation and succession; N.P.C. and S cycles in nature.

19. Ecosystem dynamics and management; Stability and complexity of ecosystems; Speciation and extinctions; environmental impact assessment; Principles of conservation; Conservation strategies; sustainable development.

20. Physico-chemical properties of water; Kinds of aquatic habitats (fresh water and marine); Distribution of and impact of environmental factors on the aquatic biota; Productivity, mineral cycles and biodegradation in different aquatic ecosystems; Fish and Fisheries of India with respect to the management of estuarine, coastal water systems and man-made reservoirs; Biology and ecology of reservoirs.

Life Science Syllabus Paper 2 - 21 To 30

Life Science Syllabus Paper 2 - 21 To 30


21. Structure, classification, genetics, reproduction and physiology of bacteria and viruses (of bacteria, plants and animals); Mycoplasma protozoa and yeast (a general accounts).

22. Microbial fermentation; Antibiotics, organic acids and vitamins; Microbes in decomposition and recycling processes; Symbiotic and asymbiotic N2-fixation; Microbiology of water, air, soil and sewage: Microbes as pathological agents in plants, animals and man; General design and applications of a biofermenter, Biofertilizer.

23. Antigen; Structure and functions of different clauses of immunoglobulins; Primary and secondary immune response; Lymphocytes and accessory cells; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; MHC; Mechanism of immune response and generation of immunological diversity; Genetic control of immune response, Effector mechanisms; Applications of immunological techniques.

24. Enzyme Kinetics (negative and positive cooperativity); Regulation of enzymatic activity; Active sites; Coenzymes : Activators and inhibitors, isoenzymes, allosteric enzymes; Ribozyme and abzyme.

25. Van der Waal’s, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction; Primary structure and proteins and nucleic acids; Conformation of proteins and polypeptides (secondary, Tertiary, quaternary and domain structure); Reverse turns and Ramachandran plot; Structural polymorphism of DNA, RNA and three dimensional structure of tRNA; Structure of carbohydrates, polysaccharides, glycoproteins and peptido-glycans; Helixcoil transition; Energy terms in biopolymer conformational calculation.

26. Glycolysis and TCA cycle; Glycogen breakdown and synthesis; Gluconeogenesis; Interconversion of hexoses and pentoses; Amino acid metabolism; Coordinated control of metabolism; Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines; Oxidation of lipids; Biosynthesis of fatty acids; Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Sterols.

27. Energy metabolism (concept of free energy); Thermodynamic principles in biology; Energy rich bonds; Weak interactions; Coupled reactions and oxidative phosphorylations; Group transfer; Biological energy transducers; Bioenergietics.

28. Fine structure of gene, Eukaryotic genome organisation (structure of chromatin, coding and non-coding sequences, satellite DNA); DNA damage and repair, DNA replication, amplification and rearrangements.

29. Organization of transcriptional units; Mechanism of transcription of prokaryotes and eukaryotes; RNA processing (capping, polyadenylation, splicing, introns and exons); Ribonucleoproteins, structure of mRNA; Genetic code and protein synthesis.

30. Regulation of gene expression in pro and eukaryotes; Attenuation and antitermination; Operon concept; DNA methylation; Heterochromatization; Transposition; Regulatory sequences and transacting factors; Environmental regulation of gene expression.

Life Science Syllabus Paper 2 - 31 To 41

Life Science Syllabus Paper 2 - 31 To 41


31. Biochemistry and molecular biology of cancer; Oncogenes; Chemical carcinogenesis; Genetic and metabolic disorders; Hormonal imbalances; Drug metabolism and detoxification; Genetic load and genetic counseling.

32. Lysogeny and lytic cycle in bacteriophages; Bacterial transformation; Host cell restriction; Transduction; Complementation; Molecular recombination; DNA ligases; Topoisomerases; Gyrases; Methylases; Nucleases; Restriction endonucleases; Plasmids and bacteriophage base vectors for cDNA and genomic libraries.

33. Principles and methods of genetic engineering and Gene targeting; Applications in agriculture, health and industry.

34. Cell and tissue culture in plants and animals; Primary culture; Cell line; Cell clones; Callus cultures; Somaclonal variation; Micropropagation; Somatic embryogenesis; Haploidy; Protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization; Cybrides; Genetransfer methods in plants and in animals; Transgenic biology; Allopheny; Artificial seeds; Hybridoma technology.

35. Structure and organisation of membranes; Glycoconjugates and proteins in membrane systems; Ion transport, Na+/K+ATPase; Molecular basis of signal transduction in bacteria, plants and animals; Model membranes; Liposomes.

36. Principles and application of light phase contrast, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Cytophotometry and flow cytometry, fixation and staining.

37. Principles and applications of gel-filtration, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography; Thin layer and gas chromatography; High pressure liquid (HPLC) chromatography; Electrophoresis and electrofocussing; Ultracentrifugation (velocity and buoyant density).

38. Principles and techniques of nucleic acid hybridization and Cot curves; Sequencing of Proteins and nucleic acids; Southern, Northern and South-Western blotting techniques; Polymerase chain reaction; Methods for measuring nucleic acid and protein interactions.

39. Principles of biophysical methods used for analysis of biopolymer structure, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, UV, ORD/CD, Visible, NMR and ESR spectroscopy; Hydrodynamic methods; Atomic absorption and plasma emission spectorocopy.

40. Principles and applications of tracer techniques in biology; Radiation dosimetry; Radioactive isotopes and half life of isotopes; Effect of radiation on biological system; Autoradiography; Cerenkov radiation; Liquid scintillation spectrometry.

41. Principles and practice of statistical methods in biological research, samples and populations; Basic statistics-average, statistics of dispersion, coefficient of variation; Standard error; Confidence limits; Probability distributions (biomial, Poisson and normal; Tests of statistical significance; Simple correlation of regression; Analysis of variance.

Life Science Syllabus Paper- 1 Section - A



1. General information on science and its interface with society to test the candidate’s awareness of science, aptitude of scientific and quantitative reasoning.

2 . COMMON ELEMENTRY COMPUTER SCIENCE (Applicable to all candidates offering subject areas).

i) History of development of computers, Mainframe, mini, micro and Super Computer Systems.

ii) General awareness of computer Hardware i.e. CPU and other peripheral devices (input/output and auxiliary storage devices).

iii) Basic knowledge of computer systems software and programming language i.e. Machine language. Assembly language and higher level language.

iv) General awareness of popular commercial software packages like LOTUS, DBASE, WordStar, other scientific application packages.

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section - A

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section - A


1. General information on science and its interface with society to test the candidate’s awareness of science, aptitude of scientific and quantitative reasoning.

2 . COMMON ELEMENTRY COMPUTER SCIENCE (Applicable to all candidates offering subject areas).

i) History of development of computers, Mainframe, mini, micro and Super Computer Systems.

ii) General awareness of computer Hardware i.e. CPU and other peripheral devices (input/output and auxiliary storage devices).

iii) Basic knowledge of computer systems software and programming language i.e. Machine language. Assembly language and higher level language.

iv) General awareness of popular commercial software packages like LOTUS, DBASE, WordStar, other scientific application packages.

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section - B

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section - B

(1
) Structure and Bonding: Atomic orbitals, electronic configuration of atoms (L-S coupling) and the periodic properties of elements; ionic radii, ionisation potential, electron affinity, electronegativity; concept of hybridization. Molecular orbitals and electronic configuration of homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules. Shapes of polyatomic molecules; VSEPR, theory. Symmetry elements and point groups for simple molecules. Bond lengths, bond angles, bond order and bond energies. Types of Chemical Bond (weak and strong) intermolecular forces, structure of simple ionic and covalent solids, lattice energy.

(2) Acids and Bases: Bronsted and Lewis acids and bases, pH and pKa, acid-based concept in non-aqueous media; HSAB concept. Buffer solution.

(3) Redox Reactions: Oxidation numbers. Redox potential. Electrochemical series. Redox indicators.

(4) Energetics and Dynamics of Chemical Reactions: Law of conservation of energy. Energy and enthalpy of reactions. Entropy, free-energy, relationship between free energy change and equilibrium. Rates of chemical reactions (first-and second - order reactions). Arrhenius equation and concept of transition state. Mechanisms, including SN1 and SN2 reactions, electron transfer reactions, catalysis. Colligative properties of solutions.

(5) Aspects of s.p.d.f. Block Elements: General characteristics of each block. Chemical principles involved in extractions and purification of iron, copper, lead, zinc and aluminium. Coordination chemistry: structural aspects, isomerism, octahedral and tetrahedral crystal - field splitting of dorbitals. CFSE, magnetism and colour of transition metal ions. Sandwich compounds, metal carbonyls and metal clusters. Rare gas compounds, non-stoichiometric oxides. Radio activity and transmutation of elements. Isotopes and their applications.

(6) IUPAC Nomenclature of Simple Organic and Inorganic Compounds.

(7) Concept of Chirality: Recognition of symmetry elements and chiral structures; R-S nomenclature, diastereoisomerism in acyclic and cyclic systems; E-Z isomerisms. Conformational analysis of simple cyclic (chair and boat cyclo hexanes) and acyclic systems. Interconversion of Fischer, Newman and Sawhorse projections.

(8) Common Organic Reactions and Mechanisms: Reactive intermediates. Formation and stability of carbonium ions, carbanians, carbenes, nitrenes, radicals and arynes. Nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical substitution, addition and elimination reactions. Familiar name reactions: Aldol, Perkin, Stobbe, Dieckmann condensations; Hofmann, Schmidt, Lossen, Curtius, Beckmann and Fries rearrangements; Reimer - Tiemann, Reformatsky and Grignard reactions. Diels - Alder reactions; Clasien rearrangements; Friedeal - Crafts reactions; Wittig reactions; and Robinson annulation. Routine functional group transformations and interconversions of simple functionalities. Hydroboration, Oppenaur oxidations; Clemmensen, Wolff- Kishner, Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley and Birch reductions.

(9) Elementary principles and applications of electronic, vibrational, NMR, EPR and Mass Spectral techniques to simple structural problems.

(10) Data Analysis: Types of errors, propagation of errors, accuracy and precision, least-squares analysis, average standard deviation.

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 2 Unit 1 To 10

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 2 Unit 1 To 10


1) Quantum Chemistry: Planck’s quantum theory, wave-particle duality. Uncertainty Principle, operators and commutation relations: postulates of quantum mechanics and Schrodinger equation: free particle, particle in a box, degeneracy, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator and the hydrogen atom. Angular momentum, including spin; coupling of angular momenta including spin-orbit coupling.

2. The variation method and perturbation theory. Application to the helium atom; antisymmetry and Exclusion Principle, Slater determinantal wave functions. Terms symbols and spectroscopic states.

3 . Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Hydrogen molecule ion. LCAO-MO and VB treatments of the hydrogen molecule; electron density, forces and their role in chemical binding. Hybridization and valence MOs of H2O, NH3 and CH4. Huckel pi-electron theory and its applications to ethylene, butadiene and benzene. Idea of self-consistent fields.

4. Group theoretical representations and quantum mechanics: vanishing of integrals; spectroscopic selection rules for vibrational, electronic, vibronic and Raman spectroscopy. MO treatment of large molecules with symmetry.

5. Spectroscopy: Theoretical treatment of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectroscopy. Principles of magnetic resonance, Mossbauer and photoelectron spectroscopy.

6.Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics, relation between Cp. and CV; enthalpies of physical and chemical changes; temperature dependence of enthalpies. Second law of thermodynamics, entropy, Gibbs-Helmoholtz equation. Third law of thermodynamics and calculation of entropy.

7 Chemical Equilibrium: Free energy and entropy of mixing, partial molar quantities, Gibbs-Duhem equation. Equilibrium constant, temperature-dependence of equilibrium constant, phase diagram of one-and two-component systems, phase rule.

8. Ideal and Non-ideal solutions. Excess functions, activities, concept of hydration number: activities in electrolytic solutions; mean ionic activity coefficient; Debye-Huckel treatment of dilute electrolyte solutions.

9. Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cell reactions, Nernst equation, Electrode Kinetics, electrical double layer, electode/electrolyte interface, Batteries, primary & secondary Fuel Cells, corrosion and corrosion prevention.

10. Surface Phenomena: Surface tension, adsorption on solids, electrical phenomena at interfaces, including electrokinetic, micelles and reverse micelles: solubilization, micro-emulsions. Application of photoelectron spectroscopy. ESCA and Auger spectroscopy to the study of surfaces.

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 2 Unit 11 To 20

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 2 Unit 11 To 20


11. Statistical Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic probability and entropy; Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics. Partition function: rotational translational, vibrational and electronic partition functions for diatomic molecules; calculations of thermodynamic functions and equilibrium constants. Theories of specific heat for solids.

12. Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics: Postulates and methodologies, linear laws, Gibbs equation, Onsager reciprocal theory.

13. Reaction Kinetics: Methods of determining rate laws. Mechanisms of photochemical, chain and oscillatory reactions. Collision theory of reaction rates; steric factor, treatment of unimolecular reactions. Theory of absolute reaction rates, comparison of results with Eyring and Arrhenius equations. Ionic reactions: salt effect. Homogeneous catalysis and Michaelis-Menten kinetics; heterogeneous catalysis.

14. Fast Reaction: Luminescence and Energy transfer processes. Study of kinetics by stoppedflow technique, relazation method, flash photolysis and magnetic resonance method.

15. Macromolecules: Number-average and weight average molecular weights; determination of molecular weights. Kinetics of polymerization. Stereochemistry and mechanism of polymerization.

16. Solids: Dislocation in solids, Schottky and Frenkel defects, Electrical properties; Insulators and semiconductors; superconductors; band theory of solids, Solid-state reactions.

17. Nuclear Chemistry: Radioactive decay and equilibrium. Nuclear reactions; Q value, cross sections, types of reactions, Chemical effects of nuclear transformations; fission and fusion, fission products and fission yields. Radioactive techniques; tracer technique, neutron activation analysis, counting techniques such as G.M. ionization and proportional counter.

18. Chemistry of Non-transition Elements: General discussion on the properties of the nontransition elements; special features of individual elements; synthesis, properties and structure of their halides and oxides, polymorphism of carbon, phosphorus and sulphur. Synthesis, properties and structure of boranes, carboranes, borazines, silicates carbides, silicones, phosphazenes, sulphur -nitrogen compounds: peroxo compounds of boron, carbon and sulphur; oxy acids of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and halogens, interhalogens pseudohalides and noble gas compounds.

19. Chemistry of Transition Elements: Coordination chemistry of transition metal ions; Stability constants of complexes and their determination; stabilization of unusual oxidation states. Stereochemistry of coordination compounds. Ligandfield theory, splitting of d-orbitals in low-symmetry environments. Jahn-Teller effect; interpretation of electronic spectra including charge transfer spectra; spectrochemical series, nephelauxetic series Magnetism: Dia-, para-, ferro- and antiferromagnetism, quenching of orbital angular moment, spinorbit coupling, inorganic reaction mechanisms; substitution reactions, trans effect and electron transfer reactions, photochemical reaction of chromium and ruthenium complexes. Fluxional molecules iso-and heteropolyacids; metal clusters. Spin crossover in coordination compounds.

20. Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides: Spectral and magnetic properties; Use of lanthanide compounds as shift reagents.

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 2 Unit 21 To 34

Chemical Science Syllabus Paper 2 Unit 21 To 34


21. Organometallic Chemistry of Transition Elements: Synthesis, structure and bonding, organometallic reagents in organic synthesis and in homogeneous catalytic reactions (hydrogenation, hydroformaylation, isomerisation and polymerization); pi-acid metal complexes, activation of small molecules by coordination.

22. Topics in Analytical Chemistry: Adsorption partition, exclusion electrochromatography, Solvent extraction and ion exchange, methods. Application of atomic and molecular absorption and emission spectroscopy in quantitative analysis Light scattering techniques including nephelometry and Raman spectroscopy. Electronalytical techniques: voltammetry, cyclic, voltammetry, polarography, amperometry, coulometry and conductometry ion-elective electrodes. Annodic stripping voltammetry; TGA, DTA, DSC and online analyzers.

23. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Metal ions in Biology, Molecular mechanism of ion transport across membranes; ionophores. Photosynthesis, PSL, PSH; nitrogen fixation, oxygen uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferrodoxins.

24. Aromaticity: Huckel’s rule and concept of aromaticty (n) annulenes and heteroannulenes, fullerenes (C60)

25. Stereochemistry and conformational Analysis: Nwere method of asymmetric synthesis (including enzymatic and catalytic nexus), enantio and diastereo selective synthesis. Effects of conformation on reactivity in acyclic compounds and cyclohexanes.

26. Selective Organic Name Reactions: Favorskli reaction; Stork enamine reaction; Michael addition, Mannich Reaction; Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation; Ene reaction, Barton reaction, Hofmann-Loffler-Freytag reaction, Shapiro reaction, Baeyer-Villiger reaction, Chichibabin reaction.

27. Mechanisms of Organic Reactions: Labelling and Kinetic isotope effects, Hamett equation, (sigma-rho) relationship, non-classical carbonium ions, neighbouring group participation.

28. Pericyclic Reactions: Selection rules and stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition and sigmatropic shifts, Sommelet, Hauser, Cope and Claisen rearrangements.

29. Heterocyclic Chemistry: Synthesis and reactivity of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline and indole; Skraup synthesis, Fischer indole synthesis.

30. Reagents in Organic Synthesis: Use of the following reagents in organic synthesis and functional group transformations; Complex metal hydrides, Gilman’s reagent, lithium dimethylcuprate, lithium disopropylamide (LDA) dicyclohexylcarbodimide. 1,3-Dithiane (reactivity umpolung), trimethylsilyl iodide, tri-n-butyltin hybride, Woodward and prevost hydroxylation, osmium tetroxide, DDQ, selenium dioxide, phase transfer catalysts, crown ethers and Merrifield resin, Peterson’s synthesis, Wilkinson's catalyst, Baker yeast.

31. Chemistry of Natural Products: Familiarity with methods of structure elucidation and biosynthesis of alkaloids, terponoids, steroids, carbohydrates and proteins.

32. Bioorganic Chemistry: Elementary structure and function of biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids.

33. Photochemistry: Cis-trans isomeriation, Paterno-Buchi reaction, Norrish Type I and II reactions, photoreduction of ketones, di-pimethane rearrangement, photochemistry of areanes.

34. Spectroscopy: Applications of mass, UV-VIS, IR and NMR spectroscopy for structural elucidation of compound.

Physical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section A

Physical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section A


1. General information on science and its interface with society to test the candidate’s awareness of science, aptitude of scientific and quantitative reasoning.

2 . COMMON ELEMENTRY COMPUTER SCIENCE (Applicable to all candidates offering subject areas).

i) History of development of computers, Mainframe, mini, micro and Super Computer Systems.

ii) General awareness of computer Hardware i.e. CPU and other peripheral devices (input/output and auxiliary storage devices).

iii) Basic knowledge of computer systems software and programming language i.e. Machine language. Assembly language and higher level language.

iv) General awareness of popular commercial software packages like LOTUS, DBASE, WordStar, other scientific application packages.

Physical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section B

Physical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section B


1. Basic Mathematical Methods: Calculus: Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, matrices. Linear differential equations. Fourier series, Elementary complex analysis.

2. Classical Dynamics: Basic principles of classical dynamics. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. Symmetries and conservation laws. Motion in the central field of force. Collisions and scattering. Mechanics of a system of particles. Small oscillations and normal modes. Wave motion - wave equation, phase velocity, group velocity, dispersion. Special theory of relativity - Lorentz transformations, addition of velocities, mass-energy equivalence.

3. Electromagnetics: Electrostatics - Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems. Magnetostatics - Ampere's theorem, Biot-Savart law, electromagnetic induction. Maxwell's equations in free space and in linear isotropic media. Boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces. Scalar and vector potentials. Gauge invariance. Electromagnetic waves - reflection and refraction, dispersion, interference, coherence, diffraction, polarization. Electrodynamics of a charged particle in electric and magnetic fields. Radiation from moving charges radiation from a dipole. Retarded potential.

4. Quantum Physics and Applications: Wave-particle duality. Heisenberg's uncertainty Principle. The Schrodinger equation Particle in a box, Harmonic Oscillator, Tunnelling through a barrier. Motion in a central potential, Orbital angular momentum. Angular momentum algebra, spin. Addition of angular momenta. Time-independent perturbation theory. Fermi's Golden Rule. Elementary theory of scattering in a central potential. Phase shifts, partial wave analysis, Born approximation, Identical particles, spin-statistics connection.

5. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics: Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences, Thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell's relations. Chemical potential, phase equilibria. Phase space, microstates and macrostates. Partition function. Free Energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities. Classical and quantum statistics, Degenerate electron gas. Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law, Bose-Einstein condensation. Einstein and Debye models for lattice specific heat.

6. Experimental Design: Measurement of fundamental constants: e, h, c. Measurement of High & Low Resistances, L and C. Detection of X-rays, Gamma rays, charged particles, neutrons etc: Ionization chamber, proportional counter, GM counter, Scintillation detectors, Solid State detectors. Emission and Absorption Spectroscopy. Measurement of Magnetic field, Hall effect, magnetoresistance. X-ray and neutron Diffraction. Vacuum Techniques: basic idea of conductance, pumping speed etc. Pumps: Mechanical Pump, Diffusion pump; Gauges: Thermocouple, Penning, Pirani, Hot Cathode. Low Temperature: Cooling a sample over a range upto 4 K and measurement of temperature.

Measurement of Energy and Time using electronic signals from the detectors and associated instrumentation: Signal processing, A/D conversion & multichannel analyzers, Time-of-flight technique; Coincidence Measurements: true to chance ratio, correlation studies. Error Analysis and Hypothesis testing: Propagation of errors, Plotting of Graph, Distributions, Least squares fitting, criteria for goodness of fits - chi square test.

Physical Science Syllabus Paper 2

Physical Science Syllabus Paper 2


Part 'A' ( Weightage 50%) SYLLABUS SAME AS FOR PAPER - I (SECTION - B)

Part 'B' Weightage 50%

1. Electronics : Physics of p-n junction. Diode as a circuit element; clipping, clamping; Rectification, Zener regulated power supply: Transistor as a circuit element: CC, CB and CE configuration. Transistor as a switch, OR, AND, NOT gates. Feed back in Amplifiers.

Operational amplifier and its applications: inverting, non - inverting amplifier, adder, integrator, differentiator, wave form generator, comparator & Schmidt trigger.

Digital integrated circuits - NAND & NOR gates as building blocks, X-OR Gate, simple combinational circuits, Half & Full adder, Flip-flop, shift register, counters Basic principles of A/D & D/A converters; Simple applications of A/D & D/A converters.

2. Atomic & Molecular Physics: Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Hydrogen atom spectrum. Electron spin. Stern- Gerlach experiment. Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure, relativistic correction, spectroscopic terms and selection rules, hyperfine structure. Exchange symmetry of wave functions. Pauli's exclusion principle, periodic table alkali - type spectra, LS & JJ coupling, Zeeman, Paschen-Back and Stark effects.

X-Rays and Auger transitions, Compton effect.

Principles of ESR, NMR ; Molecular Physics: Convalent, ionic and Van der Waal's interaction.

Rotation/Vibration spectra. Raman Spectra, selection rules, nuclear spin and intensity alternation, isotope effects, electronic states of diatomic molecules, Frank-Condon principle. Lasers-spontaneous and stimulated emission, optical pumping, population inversion, coherence (temporal and spatial) simple description of Ammonia maser, CO2 and He-Ne Lasers.

3. Condensed Matter Physics: Crystal classes and systems, 2d & 3d lattices, Bonding of common crystal structures, reciprocal lattice, diffraction and structure factor, elementary ideas about point defects and dislocations.

Lattice vibrations, Phonons, specific heat of solids, free electron theory-Fermi statistics; heat capacity.

Electron motion in periodic potential, energy bands in metals, insulators and semi-conductors; tight binding approximation; impurity levels in doped semi-conductors. Electronic transport from classical kinetic theory, electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall effect and thermo-electric power transport in semi-conductors.

Di-electrics-Polarization mechanisms, Clausius-Mossotti equation, Piezo, Pyro and ferro electricity.

Dia and Para magnetism; exchange interactions, magnetic order, ferro, anti-ferro and ferrimagnetism.

Super conductivity-basic phenomenology; Meissner effect, Type-1 & Type-2 Super conductors, BCS Pairing mechanism.

4. Nuclear and Particle Physics: Basic nuclear properties - size, shape, charge distribution, spin & parity, binding, empirical mass formula, liquid drop model.

5. Nature of nuclear force, elements of two-body problem, charge independence and charge symmetry of nuclear forces. Evidence for nuclear shell structure. Single particle shell model-its validity and limitations, collective model. Interactions of charged particles and e.m. rays with matter. Basic principles of particle detectors-ionization chamber; gas proportional counter and GM counter, scintillation and semiconductor detectors.

Radioactive decays, basic theoretical understanding. Nuclear reactions, elementary ideas of reaction mechanisms, compound nucleus and direct reactions, elementary ideas of fission and fusion.

Particle Physics: Symmetrics an conservation laws, classification of fundamental forces and elementary particles, iso-spin, strangeness, Gell-Mann Nishijima formula, Quark model. C,P,T, invariance in different interactions, parity-nonconservation in weak interaction.

Mathematical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section A

Mathematical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section A


1. General information on science and its interface with society to test the candidate’s awareness of science, aptitude of scientific and quantitative reasoning.

2 . COMMON ELEMENTRY COMPUTER SCIENCE (Applicable to all candidates offering subject areas).

i) History of development of computers, Mainframe, mini, micro and Super Computer Systems.

ii) General awareness of computer Hardware i.e. CPU and other peripheral devices (input/output and auxiliary storage devices).

iii) Basic knowledge of computer systems software and programming language i.e. Machine language. Assembly language and higher level language.

iv) General awareness of popular commercial software packages like LOTUS, DBASE, WordStar, other scientific application packages.

Mathematical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section B Unit 1To 5

Mathematical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section B Unit 1To 5


General Information
: Units 1, 2, 3 and 4 are compulsory for all candidates. Candidates with Mathematics background may omit units 10-14 and units 17, 18. Candidates with Statistics background may omit units 6,7,9,15 and 16. Adequate alternatives would be given for candidates with O.R. Background.

1. Basic concepts of Real and Complex analysis: Sequences and series, continuity, uniform continuity, Differentiability, Mean Value Theorem, sequences and series of functions, uniform convergence, Riemann integral - definition and simple properties. Algebra of Complex numbers, Analytic functions, Cauchy's Theorem and integral formula, Power series, Taylor's and Laurent's series, Residues, Contour integration.

2. Basic Concepts of Linear Algebra: Space of n-vectors, Linear dependence, Basis, Linear transformation, Algebra of matrices, Rank of a matrix, Determinants, Linear equations, Quadratic forms. Characteristic roots and vectors.

3. Basic concepts of probability: Sample space, discrete probability, simple theorems on probability, independence of events, Bayes Theorem. Discrete and continuous random variables, Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions; Expectation and moments, independence of random variables, Chebyshev's inequality.

4. Linear Programming Basic Concepts: Convex sets. Linear Programming Problem (LPP). Examples of LPP. Hyperplane, open and closed half-spaces. Feasible, basic feasible and optimal solutions. Extreme point and graphical method.

5. Real Analysis: Finite, countable and uncountable sets, Bounded and unbounded sets, Archimedean property, ordered field, completeness of R, Extended real number system, limsup and liminf of a sequence, the epsilon-delta definition of continuity and convergence, the algebra of continuous functions, monotonic functions, types of discontinuities, infinite limits and limits at infinity, functions of bounded variation, elements of metric spaces.

Mathematical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section B Unit 6 To 9,15 16

Mathematical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section B Unit 6 To 9,15 16


6. Complex Analysis: Riemann Sphere and Stereographic projection. Lines, Circles, crossratio. Mobius transformations, Analytic functions, Cauchy - Riemann equations, line integrals, Cauchy's theorem, Morera's theorem, Liouville's theorem, integral formula, zero-sets of analytic functions, exponential, sine and cosine functions, Power series representation, Classification of singularities, Conformal Mapping.

7. Algebra: Group, subgroups, Normal subgroups, Quotient Groups, Homomorphisms, Cyclic Groups, permutation Groups, Cayley's Theorem, Rings, Ideals, Integral Domains, Fields, Polynomial Rings.

8. Linear Algebra: Vector spaces, subspaces, quotient spaces, Linear independence, Bases, Dimension. The algebra of linear Transformations, kernel, range, isomorphism, Matrix Representation of a linear transformation, change of bases, Linear functionals, dual space, projection, determinant function, eigenvalues and eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, Invariant Sub-spaces, Canonical Forms: diagonal form, Triangular form, Jordan Form, Inner product spaces.

9. Differential Equations: First order ODE, singular solutions, initial value Problems of First Order ODE, General theory of homogeneous and non-homogeneous Linear ODE, Variation of Parameters. Lagrange's and Charpit's methods of solving first order Partial Differential Equations. PDE's of higher order with constant coefficients.

15. Operational Research Modelling: Definition and scope of Operational Research. Different types of models. Replacement models and sequencing theory, Inventory problems and their analytical structure. Simple deterministic and stochastic models of inventory control. Basic characteristics of queueing system, different performance measures. Steady state solution of Markovian queueing models: M/M/1, M/M/1 with limited waiting space M/M/C, M/M/C with limited waiting space.

16. Linear Programming: Linear Programming, Simplex method, Duality in linear programming. Transformation and assignment problems. Two person-zero sum games. Equivalence of rectangular game and linear programming.

Mathematical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section B Unit 10 To 14,17,18

Mathematical Science Syllabus Paper 1 Section B Unit 10 To 14,17,18


10. Data Analysis Basic Concepts: Graphical representation, measures of central tendency and dispersion. Bivariate data, correlation and regression. Least squares - polynomial regression, Applications of normal distribution.

11. Probability: Axiomatic definition of probability. Random variables and distribution functions (univariate and multivariate); expectation and moments; independent events and independent random variables; Bayes' theorem; marginal and conditional distribution in the multivariate case, covariance matrix and correlation coefficients (product moment, partial and multiple), regression.

Moment generating functions, characteristic functions; probability inequalities (Tchebyshef, Markov, Jensen). Convergence in probability and in distribution; weak law of large numbers and central limit theorem for independent identically distributed random variables with finite variance.

12. Probability Distribution: Bernoulli, Binomial, Multinomial, Hypergeomatric, Poisson, Geometric and Negative binomial distributions, Uniform, exponential, Cauchy, Beta, Gamma, and normal (univariate and multivariate) distributions Transformations of random variables; sampling distributions. t, F and chi-square distributions as sampling distributions, Standard errors and large sample distributions. Distribution of order statistics and range.

13. Theory of Statistics: Methods of estimation: maximum likelihood method, method of moments, minimum chi-square method, least-squares method. Unbiasedness, efficiency, consistency. Cramer-Rao inequality. Sufficient Statistics. Rao-Blackwell Theorem. Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators. Estimation by confidence intervals. Tests of hypotheses: Simple and composite hypotheses, two types of errors, critical region, randomized test, power function, most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests. Likelihood-ratio tests. Wald's sequential probability ratio test.

14. Statistical methods and Data Analysis: Tests for mean and variance in the normal distribution: one-population and two- population cases; related confidence intervals. Tests for product moment, partial and multiple correlation coefficients; comparison of k linear regressions. Fitting polynomial regression; related test. Analysis of discrete data: chi-square test of goodness of fit, contingency tables. Analysis of variance: one-way and two-way classification (equal number of observations per cell). Large-sample tests through normal approximation. Nonparametric tests: sign test, median test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test for one and two-samples, rank correlation and test of independence.

17. Finite Population: Sampling Techniques and Estimation: Simple random sampling with and without replacement. Stratified sampling; allocation problem; systematic sampling. Two stage sampling. Related estimation problems in the above cases.

18. Design of Experiments: Basic principles of experimental design. Randomisation structure and analysis of completely randomised, randomised blocks and Latin-square designs. Factorial experiments. Analysis of 2n factorial experiments in randomised blocks.
Build Free Website And Earn Money Through Google Adsense